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  • Dreams Deferred – The Danube

    Leaving the Alps behind, we headed towards the Danube.  When we were deciding on our route through Europe, this is the one section that I (Deb) really wanted to do.  Mac wanted Verdun, France.  Colburn wanted the beer route in Belgium.  Lucia wanted to go to Prague.  I wanted the Danube.  Much like the EuroVelo 15 along the Rhine River, the Danube path (part of EuroVelo 6) has very low gradients, lots of infrastructure, and great opportunities to amuse the little ones with things other than biking.  It’s perfect for a family interested in a bit longer ride.  We originally had intended to bike this section of river in the spring of 2015 on our way back from Asia, but a combination of factors made it impossible at that point.  We always said that we would come back and do it at some point, and this summer was our chance!

    When planning our routes, we typically scour websites, guide books and tour company itineraries for ideas – both for what is interesting and what is possible.  If a bunch of tour companies stop in a particular town for the night, the chances are that there is something interesting there and the infrastructure for tourists will be pretty good so we are likely to find a decent hotel or campground.  They also tend to be very reasonable in what is able to be biked comfortably in a day. As we learned in our Guarda climb, sometimes the devil is in the details and the macro perspective needed to plan months of traveling can overlook key specific details.  Using their knowledge makes our planning much easier, so we based our Danube route and timing on what the majority of the bike touring companies do for this section. With more than 600,000 people riding this section of the river each summer, the tour companies have plenty of experience with it.

    More than five years after its inception, we were excited to finally on the Danube.  Like a well-drilled army squad, we loaded the bikes, double-checked that we had enough food and water, and fell in to our typical riding order with Colburn in the lead setting the pace and doing navigation, Mac closely behind learning to modulate his strength so he can stay with the group, Lucia following him with her effortless perfect body positioning and me at the back to I can keep an eye on everyone.  For most of our riding, we naturally fall in to this paceline – a single-file formation with less than a bike length between each person – because it is both easier to ride and takes up less space on the road or path.

    As we rode out of Salzburg, I was admiring both our ability to function like this as a family but also in our new-found physical fitness.  We were flying down the path.  It felt amazing!  Then it hit me.  With a pit in my stomach, I realized that my desire to ride the Danube hadn’t taken in to account that the intervening years had dramatically changed our family dynamic and the past eight weeks had changed our overall fitness.  We are no longer a typical family.  It is the kind of thing you don’t see when you are immersed in it every day, but only when you can step back and look at it with objectivity.  Lucia and Mac are no longer little kids on oversized bikes who need distractions, playgrounds and ice cream to make it through the day.  As I found out when I was sick in France, they are now strong and capable adolescents experienced in the challenges of long, difficult, physical days and are even enjoying it as they learn more about what their bodies are capable of doing.  In 2014 when we rode the Rhine, the kids could only ride 35-40 km per day both because of their attention span and physical ability.  Four years later, we are doubling that on a regular basis and still done by early afternoon.  Even the difference from just a few months ago is substantial.  When we started this tour, we averaged, including stops, around 10-12 km/h.  We are now able to average 22-25 km/h, depending on the terrain.  This means that our 75 km day is around three hours of actual riding.

    These changes, combined with our tendency to have a singular focus, led to some interesting on-trail riding dynamics.  Our sister-in-law once commented, “Colburn and Deb, somewhere between a marriage and a task force!” and, I must admit, it is very true.  We have, unfortunately, passed this on to our children too.  For us, biking is no different – make the process as fast and efficient as possible.  This became obvious to me on one particular day when Lucia, our extremely cooperative and non-competitive child, was leading the paceline. 

    After a day of fishing…

    There were a couple cyclists a few hundred meters in front of us when she picked up the pace.  As our pace-setter, we simply follow her lead, so similarly sped up. As we neared the group in front of us, she geared up and quickened to a race-pace, sling-shots past them before settling back to a quick pace.  “Wow, that was unusual for Lucia” I thought.  A few minutes later it happened again – quickened pace to close the distance, gearing-up and race pace to pass, then slowing back to a quick pace to set the distance between.  When it happened the third time, I realized that Lucia was doing this intentionally. We have now dubbed the process fishing for she casts her hook when she sees the group in front, reels them in with speed, then releases them back to go about their business without our interference once we have passed.  Our non-competitive child most certainly is competitive on the path!

    With most of our reservations made based on the 50-60km days that the bike tour companies suggest and not having the emotional energy to totally re-work the entire schedule, we had to adjust to a more leisurely pace of bike travel.  The first few days we would make it to our destination before lunch and have a few hours to kill before we could even check in to our accommodation. In Mülheim, we went to a thermal spa and spent five hours swimming and having poolside drinks.  Just outside of Linz, we stopped at a riverside pebble beach and spent a couple hours swimming and people-watching.  Usually so focused on doing things and getting places, we sometimes forget to just enjoy the mundane.  The slower pace changed this.  Because there are only so many Baroque buildings, churches, and art one can admire before they all begin to look the same, we switched our focus to the more modern aspects of street art and food, even trying our hand at making our own (legal) graffiti in Vienna.

    Once past Vienna, the bike tourist crowds thin substantially.  While still a well-trod path, it is not over-run with cycle tourists making for some enjoyable days.  The EuroVelo 6 continues all the way to the Black Sea in Romania but is much less developed outside of Austria.  The paths are not as well marked and vary greatly in surface quality. What you get in exchange for the lower level of infrastructure is a much more genuine, friendly experience.

    Almost without exception, the people we met were friendly, helpful, and seemed to be genuinely glad to see us.  As we cycled our heavily laden bikes across a bridge one day, a woman walking the other way cheered us and gave each of us high-fives.  While crossing a different bridge with a very narrow path for pedestrians and cyclists, each time we pulled off to the side between the girders to let the walkers pass we would receive a friendly köszönöm(thank you) for both young and old.  In Mosonmagyaróvár, we saw a billboard for a small barbecue place so went there for lunch. As we stood in front of the menu, paralyzed because we could not decipher a single word on the menu but intrigued by the smells, the owner figured out that we don’t speak Hungarian or Slovak so quickly translated the menu, making us feel very welcomed and at ease.  Their story of innovation and entrepreneurship is inspiring as they expand the types of food available in Hungary.  If you’ve never had BBQ beef cheek, Más is definitely the place to try it!  Similarly, in Komárno, our waiter/crepe chef welcomed us warmly to his city and made us feel as if we had just met up with a long-time friend.

    The hospitality we received in both Slovakia and Hungary was wonderful, and a beautiful way to end of our journey.  Eastern Europe is definitely a place where we would like to spend more time.

    By the numbers:

    • Distance cycled: a little more than 2,000 km (we didn’t keep track of everything)
    • Crashes: 1 (Lucia clipped a tandem bike but no injuries)
    • Flat tire/punctures/repairs needed: 1
    • Countries visited: 10
    • Baguettes, ham and cheese lunches eaten: too many to count!
    • Major illness/injury: 1
    • Bee stings: 5
    • Butt blisters: 0
    • Days spent sweating in >39C/100F heat: 6 (but many in the 35/90+ range!)
    • Times we sang something from Sound of Music: ~ 50
    • Times we said, “today was a good day” at the end: every day.

  • The Alps Part I: Switzerland

    By Colburn

    DSCF1395.JPGThe bicycles are now dirtier, worn and yet still running smoothly despite our 1650km of trails, paths, roads, and sidewalks. The worn tires tell a bit of a story. It was in the Alps when we began to see the tires show the mileage and make us see just how far and over how many types of paths we are traveling. During our three-week trip through the region, the water fountains, train travel, and spectacular scenery were the constants of our time.  Yet, it happened so quickly and now I am trying to recall the details of a unique area of Switzerland, the lower Engadine Valley in the ancient region of Rhaetia.

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    Starting the day from St. Moritz to Scuol.

    After nearly a week in Strasbourg, France and Stuttgart, Germany, we headed south on the Rhine to Colmar and then to Basel, Switzerland. In our planning, we mapped several ways of bicycling from Basel to Luzerne, yet all of them were mountainous and involved significant elevation. Pulling a trick out of our bag from our Rhine trip in 2014, we booked a train to take us from Basel to St. Moritz – to the headwaters of the River Enin Switzerland. It becomes the River Inn once we crossed into Austria. The four-hour train trip not only was a huge convenience, but it also provided a stunning, UNESCO-listed, ride into the Alps through Landquart, Chur and through the Albula Tunnel. There were dozens of bridges, waterfalls, and tunnels on the spectacular route. This allowed us to begin near the headwaters of the En river and take advantage of the valley it had carved through the Alps.

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    We caught the cycle path in St. Moritz and followed it for 250 km through Innsbruck until Jenbach. This path was frequently flat and paved, yet, there were episodes when the path became a trail and headed up onto the hillside to climb over a deep ravine or construction diversion. The forested paths were quiet, cool and covered in pine needles. We saw very few bicyclists. Occasionally, we were riding along the train route clearings seeing the tourists in the train cars enter or emerge from tunnels – both of us marveling at each other’s circumstances. I can just imagine a person on the train exclaim, “…hey, look, there are bicyclists up here.” More frequently than we had anticipated, the cycle path climbed out of the river valley to rise gradually several hundred meters in elevation.

    pAYhng0CTmSaBBT17+roCwOne of these elevation-days sticks in all of our memories – riding through Guarda. It’s not only memorable for the physical challenge and spectacular scenery but memorable for the cultural world we entered. The Romans had used this same path, the Via Claudia Augusta, through the Alps to get to northern Europe and if you are paying attention, you can see the influence everywhere you look.

    The devil was in the details on our day from St.Moritz to Scuol. In our calendar, the event of the day read, “St. Moritz to Scuol (70 km downhill).” Frequently, from a macro point of view, we would make these general notations to be able to plan a multi-week schedule. However, in St. Moritz, Deb, who had been examining with great granularity our route to Innsbruck, called us together to describe our next day of biking – we had 70 km of linear distance, but we will encounter 1,000 meters of elevation gain. We were dumbstruck. After much rumination and examination of alternatives, we all decided to accept the day – regardless of its challenges. We all concluded it was possible and a challenge we were willing to try. St. Moritz to Scuol was our most challenging day on bikes yet.

    DSCF1423Leaving St. Moritz, we entered another country it seemed; this was the Lower Engadine valley, a remnant of the ancient state of Rhaetia where Romansch is spoken. The Romansh language is another remnant of the type of Latin spoke by the common people of the Roman Empire. It’s spoken by 50-70,000 Swiss and is one of four national languages of Switzerland and seems to be a mix of them all. In this area, you would hear it on buses, at the market, at restaurants, and on the bike path. The paintings which adorned homes, especially in Scuol and Guarda, were unique and clearly influenced by Roman history. Earliest house decoration date from the 11thcentury but became common in the 16thcentury. An example of sgraffito might include fishes, fanciful beasts, suns, stars. This is a region where folk artists centuries ago displayed their craft through furniture but also exterior walls. In addition to patterns and pictures, there are often texts in Romansch.

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    Guarda home front, bench for greeting passing neighbors, Romansch inscription and sgraffito

    On our approach to Guarda, the En Cycle Path became a single lane gravel country road, which I later learned is called the Hohenweg Engadin, the high route, that gradually rose out of the valley, through cow pastures and climbed to the small hamlet. This was where we experienced the majority of our day’s elevation gain – 600 meters. This was also the day we discovered that everyone, at least it seemed everyone, was now riding European bike routes with E-Bikes (bicycles with a battery assisted motor). As we were climbing to Guarda, a German couple stopped and remarked on our efforts riding up to the town. They were on E-bikes and were not even breaking a sweat. Along the road through cow pasture, wildflowers and meadows was one especially wonderful fresh water spring. Cold, clear and clean, we refilled our water bottles, doused our heads to cool down from the effort of climbing.

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    Deb arriving in Guarda from a climb up Hohenweg

    In Guarda, we were met by another freshwater fountain in the town center. The water wells of Switzerland and Austria are ubiquitous. From the largest cities to the smallest town, we passed dozens of fountains, or brunnen, on our trip through the Alps. The water is perfect – clean and cold – and these brunnen became a welcome stop on our days of bicycling. Frequently festooned with flowers, ironwork, wood sculptures, and polished stonework these fountains helped us stay refreshed and hydrated.DSCF1421

    One more challenge – now called the “twelve kilometers of tunnel terror” – and one comforting moment was portioned out to us on this day to Scuol. The main highway was under construction and was closed causing significant traffic to be diverted to what is usually a quiet country road that would be an excellent option for bicycles. Yet, with the added traffic, a 6% incline and two hillside tunnels to navigate, this became the most difficult and dangerous 12 km of the trip. We all had high visibility vests, helmets, reflectors. We steeled ourselves as cars, buses, and trucks passed carefully, but sometimes so close to us you would be pushed to the side by the displaced air. Each of us had to focus their vision on the white line and the wheel of the bicyclist in front of you. It had us all having flash-backs of roads in Ireland. Each day, we speculate what our lunch stop will be – buy food now or find a restaurant along the way. Today, Deb had scoped out a restaurant along the route. Was it open by noon, who knew?
    yoIetbpURK2d9XEqGpvKaQJust meters from exiting the second tunnel and finding the top of the hill was the restaurant. The chalkboard out front said geöffnet, open. We entered the small courtyard looking like rabbits who have just outrun a fox, but the two women, likely friends, welcomed us warmly in German. We shared some words in German and Romansch and they were surprised and delighted. It was a sunny quiet table for lunch with two kind women.

  • Cycling in France

    DSCF1386Leaving the cool of Ireland behind, we boarded an overnight ferry to France then had to take two trains to get to our starting town in France, Mauberge.  As I mentioned in the Ireland post, getting on and off ferries and trains is a very stressful situation for bicyclists, and this was no exception.  We were, however, able to make it through the process and truly enjoyed the open borders policy for the Shengen Area.  Unlike the land border crossings we did in Africa, we simply continued our trip as if we were moving from county to county or state to state.

    IMG_4505Originally we were going to ride the EuroVelo 6 – a long distance cycling route (a bit more than 2,200 miles) which goes from the Atlantic Ocean in Nantes, France to the Constantia, Romania on Baltic Sea.  As we researched the route, however, we found that it spent about a third of its time in France alone and missed most of the Alps, only skirting by some of the more northern parts.  As mountain people, history nerds and lovers of beer more than wine, we chose instead to head to the north of France along the Belgian border.  This would allow us to have more time with craft beers from some of Colburn’s favorite breweries, learn more about WWI and WWII by visiting Verdun and biking along the Maginot Line, and get to Switzerland and Austria before the crowds of July.  This route also had the benefit of potentially being able to visit a few friends and family who are in the Netherlands/Belgium/western Germany area, so was a no-brainer.

    IMG_4558Because of our repeated ‘close calls’ biking in Ireland, we re-worked our route through France to take advantage of the myriad of bike paths and cycle routes which traverse continental Europe.  This meant we had to change quite a few days as the automobile roads tend to take the most direct route but the cycling paths will follow old railway lines, quiet country roads, and be alongside meandering rivers to avoid the traffic and cut down on the elevation gains and losses.  Several of our days went from 60-70 km to 90-100 km as a result. Despite the longer distances, the biking is so much less stressful that it is an easy trade-off.  What we didn’t plan on, however, was that I caught a terrible GI bug in Ireland, cryptosporidium, that would take me down for almost all of our time in France.  Sick, weak and dehydrated, I was barely able to function, never-the-less ride strong. The experience was so humbling for me I have written a totally separate blog about it – mostly so that it becomes part of our family history and we remember that not all of the traveling is sunshine and blue skies as it might seem from the outside and in our photos.

    8035FF66-ABD5-46EC-A151-7A07A5A4548F-2849-000002C2D048C221Our first days riding in France were a lovely change from the starkness of the Connemara.  Our bike path took us along an abandoned railway line that is now a rail-to-trail.  Green and lush with a cool dampness, the riding was glorious.  We were serenaded by birdsong, rode through small rural towns with cobbled streets, and the surrounding fields were just showing the first signs of summer – being tilled for corn to be planted, wildflowers just beginning their conspicuous display, and pairs of mother-baby animals dotting each farm.  It was idyllic.

    IMG_4530The next day would be one of our more challenging early rides with about 600 m of elevation gain. Although not a long day, riding a bike loaded with packs uphill is much more challenging than on the flats or without the added weight.  We are each carrying about 15 kg of gear (clothing, thin sleeping bag for hostels, computers, food, etc.) which adds a substantial amount of mass to our bikes. My illness made the day exceptionally challenging as I became more and more dehydrated.

    The pay-off for the uphill work was a screamer downhill into Fumay where Colburn and Mac both topped out at around 65km/hour!  We had a sweet little cabin in what might be one of the most charming towns in rural France.  Our hosts, Genevieve and Michèle, welcomed us with great hospitality – like meeting a long-lost aunt and uncle.  The entire conversation happened through Google Translate but was wonderful.  The town is not really much of a tourist town for English-speaking foreigners, so we were a novelty.  We had a grand time working on our French, walking about, and enjoying the sense of being in nature.

    0A8A4DFC-EA2A-4958-89BC-EE7677BF3433-2849-000002C363910A7FFollowing the Meuse River downstream, we passed through the lower Ardennes and into the Argonne – Charleville Mézières, Montherme, Stenay, and Sedan – until we finally made it to Verdun. The Maginot Line fortifications became a routine sight.  Every 20 minutes or so we would pass a bunker or a pill box. Mac has always had an interest in the WWI and WWII battles so we visited Fort du Vaux, Douamont, the Tranches de Bayonets, and went to the American Cemetery.  Each location was incredibly moving for us.  As you ride through the area, the history is everywhere and still visible today.  What was once completely barren from shelling 100 years ago, is now lush forest but you still see the craters and trenches zigzagging the forest floor.  Entire towns were decimated, wiped off of the map and never to be rebuilt.  These sites are now commemorated by small signs and plaques indicating where the town once existed.  Markers for which battalions fought were, battle locations and their significance, and reference hill numbers are everywhere.  We stopped for lunch at a bench along a canal and were perplexed that there were two flags – one French and one from the US on opposite sides of the bridge.  As we explored, it was a memorial for a particular crossing which was key to forward progress during WWII.  At the Tranches de Bayonets, near Verdun, WWI soldiers were buried alive by the falling dirt and debris from incessant shelling. What was supposed to give them protection ended up being their grave, only to be discovered sometime later when a villager stumbled across the bayonets sticking out of the recovering earth.  The soldiers were left in place as a reminder of the brutality of war.

    IMG_4586We visited the Argonne cemetery, site of the last battle of WWI, on Memorial Day and were struck that each headstone had two flags – one American and one French – adorning them. Much like our visit to Margraten cemetery in the Netherlands, all immaculately kept with no signs of decay, dirt, or disrepair. In Margraten, local families adopt the graves of US soldiers and care for them as if they were one of their own, keeping it clean and bringing fresh flowers on occasion.  Here the flags were placed with precision and care.  It is sobering, humbling, and incredibly powerful to walk amongst the war-dead who have two flags or who have flowers placed by someone who may have never known that soldier, yet still honoring their sacrifice.

    IMG_4518Perhaps the biggest revelation for me, though, was that everything I learned about the World Wars in high school and college was largely incomplete or without context.  As we walked amongst the headstones in the cemetery, it was striking that the dates of death in Argonne were from only September to November 1918, just a 6 or 8-week period.  In school, I learned that we declared war in April of 1917 and that Armistice Day was November 11, 1918, making our apparent participation in the war about 18 months.  While factually correct, this is not the full story as it took almost a year to get the draft process up and running and another few months of training and moving of troops.  Sure, we sent supplies, material, and money as soon as the war was declared, but the American troops didn’t actually get to the theatre until the summer of 1918. Although the US troops were not involved in the fighting for very long, their presence was critical as it provided both a much-needed morale boost and physical reinforcement for the battle-worn French troops.

    DSCF1371The other thing that never really made sense was the deaths.  Although more than 100,000 US military personnel died in the war effort, nearly half (45,000) died of Spanish Influenza with the vast majority of those dying before they ever reached France.  This is not to trivialize the more than 70,000 direct military deaths in only a few months, but the idea that disease killed almost half of our soldiers was never emphasized in my education.  Also not brought up was the fact that many countries (Serbia, Greece, Romania and the Ottoman Empire) had far more civilian deaths than military deaths. I don’t recall ever talking about this in class, ever.  I’m sure there were a few sentences about how disease and famine killed many people, but the sheer scope of this is not put into a context to be fully understood.

    IMG_20190529_125754This knowledge is one of the aspects which makes traveling and seeing things first hand extremely thought-provoking.  In school we learn the overly-simplified bullet points of World War I: start and end dates, was provoked by the sinking of the Lusitania, more than 100,000 US soldiers died, etc., all without a context or interpretation of the meaning of that war.  Knowing that we lost a total of more than 100,000 US soldiers is chilling, but the fact that Russia lost more than four times that number of civilians as a direct result of military action and eight times that because of famine and disease was never discussed.  Similarly, Germany suffered 2 million military deaths and 700,000 civilian deaths as a result of the conflict.  We lost 100k, they lost millions.  These different perspectives on the cost of war were never emphasized or even talked about, really.  If it weren’t for travel, I would never have known.

    56EB380E-FE21-468C-B265-A36F7B94BBDF-6972-0000080269AB79AFAfter being humbled by the death and destruction of Verdun and the Argonne, our time in Strasbourg was a wonderful, healing time.  Although terribly touristy, the town itself is engaging.  We spent a few days here on our first bike trip down the Rhine River in 2014 and wanted to come back to spend a bit more time.  It was the longest layover we had planned and came at a very good time.  I was able to get the upper hand on my infection and, although more than 10 lbs lighter, started eating again.  We had a slow visit like our time in Glasgow – one or two sights per day and a little bit of time to catch up on life.  It was great.

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  • Luck of the Irish – Ireland

    2206C235-7388-4A67-B2D1-774624973A30-1724-000000DE5EE879CDSometimes everything goes your way, sometimes it doesn’t.  We knew going into it that the weather in Ireland in May can be unsettled. It can be a fabulously beautiful time with the most spring colors across the Emerald Isle or it can be cold, wet and miserable.  After our amazing good fortune for weather in Scotland, we were hesitant to believe that our luck could hold out.  Fortunately for us, we were blessed with extremely good weather for the entirety of our biking trip through Ireland.  It must be the luck of the Irish which smiled down upon us.

    IMG_3713We left Glasgow on a picture perfect day – sunny but with big puffy clouds, throngs of walkers (about 40,000 of them) mostly dressed in kilts for the Kiltwalk, a charity walk to Loch Lomond, gathered on the green in front of our flat as we started our ride and a sense that spring had finally come in to full swing.  The energy and pageantry of the walkers set us off on a good note.  The day was not too long – about 65km (40 miles) with only one significant hill – and almost fully on bike paths.  Along the way, we passed through some folks on an organized bike race, met up with other cyclists enjoying the beautiful weather, and basically sailed to our destination feeling like we could do anything. We stopped for ice cream in the early afternoon, found our way to our AirBnB without difficulty, and had an amazing and very funny dinner in town that evening. It is the kind of feeling that is hard to describe because everything simply clicked in to place as if the world was telling us that this is what we should be doing.  It was an energizing and auspicious beginning.

    IMG_3745The next few days, however, were a bit more complicated – Mac slept awkwardly the first night and woke up the next morning with a very crookneck, so much so he couldn’t move his head at all much less bike the second 60 km.  This necessitated a change in plans as we had a ferry scheduled for the following day so we hopped a train to the closest town to the port which cut down our mileage considerably.  We then took a ferry to Belfast and another train to get to Dublin.

    IMG_3975Moving bikes on and off the ferries and trains is always stressful because, much like land border crossings in Africa, each one is slightly different and everyone expects that you will know how things operate on this specific train/ferry.  Unfortunately for visitors like us, each one is unique and likely not at all the same as the previous ones you have done.  For example, on some trains you simply roll your bike on, panniers still attached, and strap them to the side of the train car in the wheelchair or luggage sections.  This is by far the easiest yet least frequent method we have found – but oh do we love it when it happens!  On other trains, you have to take the bags off and put them by your seat but hang up the bikes in specifically designated areas.  Sometimes there is only one bike per area, sometimes two, sometimes four and sometimes 20, but the thing is that no one can tell you ahead of time, so you have to figure it out while jostling for space with everyone else who is boarding the train…and we have four bikes and 12 bags to negotiate.  Once inside, how you place the bikes is different – sometimes you hang them up with the back wheel up, sometimes with the front wheel up, sometimes they are on an angle, sometimes they are in little individual stalls. It is a lesson in going with the flow of how things are done where you are, not how you think they should be or how you’ve done them in the past.

    FerryExitSimilarly, with the ferries, sometimes they simply roll them on the deck of the boat and carry your bags to your seat or cabin as luggage.  Other times, especially on larger ferries, you roll on with the cars and trucks.  There may be a bike rack to park in if you are lucky.  If not, you wait around until someone shows you where to go.  We’ve had the bikes stored in the wheelhouse of a small ferry in the Aran Islands, in an engineering room of a larger ferry to Belfast, and on a formal bike rack alongside the cars going to France.  Flexibility is key as is being patient, and humble. When I was fully scolded by the Swiss train conductor for putting two bikes where there was only supposed to be one and thus somewhat blocking the path, I had to apologize profusely as he wagged his finger disapprovingly at me eventually helping me solve the problem by showing me where I could put the second bike.  The thing is that arguing with or getting upset by his castigation would only have made the situation more tense.  With this kind of travel, it is better to be kind and gentle even if you are boiling inside for you are a guest in their country and not just representing yourself, but your entire country.  In the end, everything will be fine – the bikes get loaded and we reach our destination.

    IMG_4296With the majority of our transportation hassles behind us, we enjoyed a couple days in Dublin listening to pub music, enjoying the big city vibe, and doing our last-minute planning. Ireland is a big island with varied and diverse terrain.  One could easily spend an entire summer biking across the countryside, but realistically we could only spend about two or three weeks if we were going to also do the European areas we wanted to see as well.  This meant we had to choose just one area for our bike ride.  Friends we met hiking in Scotland last year,  Lee and Lisa from Lee and Lisa Explore followed their West Highland Way walk with a bike tour of the Connemara area as part of their adult gap year, so we knew that it was a reasonable place to bike.  Staying in the area would also allow us to visit the Aran Islands with stone age forts, the Burren  – a magical landscape of high, folded limestone plateaus, and bike along much of the dramatic County Galway and County Mayo coastline along the Wild Atlantic Way.

    IMG_3811We were very happy with our decision as the biking was truly dramatic, perhaps some of the most beautiful bike rides we have ever ridden.  The Burren’s stark hillsides, eerily quiet road, and endless undulating terrain made us feel as if we were on a totally different continent, if not the planet. This is the area is also known for the dramatic Cliffs of Moher (Cliffs of Insanity if you are a Princess Bride fan or cliff which held the cave and lake with the locket horcrux in the 6th Harry Potter movie). We visited the Cliffs late in the evening to catch the sunset – and oh what a sunset it was!

    03CF5ECF-014E-4F9D-81B8-A2785C848357-2825-000002380B576585On the Aran Islands, our favorite place was the rarely visited Dún Dúchatair (the Black Fort). Perched on a rocky but crumbling coastal cliff, initially built more than 3,000 years ago then re-fortified just 1,000 years ago, no one is sure of what the purpose of the structures was, only that eons of storms, tsunamis and erosion have obscured the true purpose. Most tourists who visit the Aran Islands only come for a day trip, so tend to head straight to Dún Aonghasa, the larger and more developed site on the other side of the island.  Because we were staying the night on the island and that Colburn and I chose to visit Dún Dúchatair late in the afternoon, there was not another soul anywhere in the area.  We passed a farmer planting vegetables in the thin and rocky soil about 4 or 5 km from the entrance to the site, but no one else at all.  In fact, there were barely even any paths from foot traffic anywhere in the site.

    68E167EF-C912-4187-9A3D-27A0C64C1B8F-216-000000022A3B4602Being there late in the afternoon as the sun was low on the western horizon, waves crashing against the steep cliffs and the salty dampness of ocean air clinging to our skin, it was easy to imagine this place as a home or an outpost 3,000 years ago. The remnants of the buildings have openings to the southeast to let in the early morning light and the stout backs designed to protect from the prevailing winds.  The terraced walls of defense are 13 feet thick in some areas and are built to the very edge of a 300-foot cliff, making the area easy to defend from invaders.  As with the Burren, we felt that we had been transported back in time or far, far away.  It was magical.

    DSCF1068The third place we fell in love with was Doolough Valley.  The scenery is stunning but the history here is heart-breaking.  During the famine of 1849, many of the locals relied on relief aid from the government but the officials required that the hundreds of starving people walk 12 miles to see them at the hunting lodge where they were staying in order to reauthorize their famine aid.  More than 17 people are known to have died because of the energy expenditure needed to accomplish this arduous walk – 24 miles round trip. There are memorials on the pass and also in the surrounding towns.  It was very sobering to contrast our life of abundance with this level of starvation less than 200 years ago.

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    The other thing that made our ride through the Doolough Valley interesting was that heading in the opposite direction were thousands of bicyclists either racing or on a charity ride (we’re not sure which).  When the pace car passed us with the lead pack of probably 30 to 50 riders, all fully in aero gear and riding very expensive carbon fiber race bikes. We thought, “Wow, those guys are serious!” but didn’t think too much of it because it looked like a training ride.  Then, just a few minutes later, another big pack of maybe 100 passed us, smiling and giving us the thumbs up for slogging with our extremely slow and heavily laden bikes while they are all totally fit and aerodynamic like the first pack but not quite as focused on performance.  This process then continued for the next 3-4 hours in a progression from the extremely fast racers through the fit weekend warriors then finally on to the somewhat out of shape recreational riders out for a 100km fun ride as a personal challenge. Seeing and interacting with them as we lumbered up the hill that they were sailing down was wonderful. Although we didn’t know it at the time, they had also climbed a long hill to get to the Valley, so they were excited with their downhill.  One man gave a gleeful, “WEEEEEEEEE!” that made us all laugh as he crested the final summit and began his downhill.  The camaraderie we felt and the encouragement received was very uplifting and added to the joy of our ride.

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    Although we truly loved some of the biking in Ireland, there was a part of it which tempered our overall perspective to that of a cautious “we enjoyed parts of it”.  The drivers in Ireland are oblivious to the laws about safe passing distances and show active aggression towards bicyclists.  I, personally, have been bike touring in New Zealand, Australia, Switzerland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium without ever feeling truly at risk.  Sure, there have been varying levels of awareness of and respect for bicyclists, but overall people were reasonable. Ireland was different – very different.  Biking here is a bit of a blood-sport with the cars completely unconcerned for your safety or right of way.  When I spoke to a few locals about it, they concurred saying that “the drivers here are a**holes – you really shouldn’t bike on any of the main roads”.  One farmer we talked to was so concerned that he cautioned us to go so far as avoiding the roads at all costs, suggesting instead that we walk our loaded bikes through the field off to the side of the shoulder to avoid any interactions with drivers.

    527B6FC7-5F1E-45A6-B7B0-261B3D6912AD-216-0000000126DD4871We had far too many close calls where drivers would pass us at full speed without allowing for a safe passing distance (1.5 meters in Ireland) even on the crest of a hill, blind corners and when another car was coming the other way.  They simply continued in the lane as if we were not there, running one or more of us off the road more than once.  After hearing of our travails, our brother-in-law sent us an idea which I think is brilliant – put a brightly colored pool noodle across the back of your bike so that it sticks out the required 1.5 meters.  This gives drivers an indication of what a “safe passing distance” looks like in real life.  I had a similar idea while riding but was much more passive aggressive about it – I would attach a sharp object (like broken glass) on the end so that if someone did come too close, it would scratch their car’s paint.  I would consider the damage from this a natural consequence for them not respecting the required safe distance.  In the end, we truly enjoyed parts of biking Ireland but would probably not do it again until there are either proper bike paths, a change of heart from drivers, or another way of assuring our safety.

    FDCC885A-2CC7-45B8-904C-DB58614B5019-300-000000088C44BA10Ending off our time in Ireland was a true treat where we were able to meet up with our friend and third child, Zara, and meet her parents for the first time.  We met Zara diving in Mozambique almost two years ago and have stayed in contact with her ever since.   Seeing her again in a totally different environment and meeting her parents reminded us of why we travel – in the end, it is the people you meet and the experiences you have that make traveling worthwhile. We were thoroughly spoiled by their hospitality and fell in love with Northern Ireland.

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  • A Love Affair – Scotland

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    When we first came to Scotland on our way to Africa in 2017, it was a quick three week ‘grand tour’ trying to see everything while still setting aside more than a week for walking the West Highland Way.  We barely scratched the surface on that trip, but all of us said that if we were ever to come live in a place for a while to see what that kind of travel was like, it would be somewhere in Scotland.

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    Now, after spending more than a month living in Scotland, I have a confession to make – our family is having a love affair – with Scotland.  And, much like falling in love with a person, there is not one thing we can pinpoint as a cause of this infatuation.

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    Maybe it is the environment – cool, often cloudy, with varied and rugged terrain, there is always something interesting to see.  There are vast open spaces, the moors and glens and wind-swept islands, which seem to feed our soul.  But it is not just the beauty that we love, for that kind of love is more of a fleeting fancy than lasting attraction.  We love all of Scotland, not just its beauty.

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    Maybe it is the people, for they are unfailingly fiery, kind and funny.  Despite sharing a common language, the Glaswegian (native of Glasgow) accent still perplexes us and our accent perplexes them.  Several times each day, people would ask us a question or make a comment but we had no idea what they were saying so didn’t know to respond.  Similarly, we would ask a question but the person we were speaking to did not understand our American accent so they didn’t know to respond and simply looked at us quizzically.  Despite speaking the same language, the barrier exists and yet we loved the challenge.

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    The Scottish people, especially the men, are far more expansive in demonstrating not only their strength but also their tenderness.  Our apartment was overlooking the Glasgow Green, a large central park on the banks of the River Clyde, so we had a bird’s eye view on the daily happenings in the park.

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    It was not at all uncommon to see solo men taking their baby out for a walk in a buggy or front carrier, cooing and interacting with the young child with great love and affection.  At first, it was a noticeable difference worthy of comment, but then we realized that it is a typical behavior maybe not universal yet, but far more common than we have seen in any other country including our own.

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    The second aspect of male tenderness that we noticed was the many male, especially young male, caregivers for people with severe disabilities.  Not only were the people with disabilities visible, out visiting the People’s Palace, walking through the park, getting groceries, etc., but the people caring for them were almost universally male.  Again, this is in sharp contrast to our own culture where caregivers are, with few exceptions, female.  As a teacher of nursing, I know that in the US many male students/nurses face significant bias for choosing such a “womanly” profession, even more so for less educated “caregivers”.  The gender stereotypes to which we are inculcated in the US seem to be missing in Scotland.

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    Another thing we love about Scotland is that dogs are part of everyday life, out and about with their humans in all sorts of places – on off-leash walks in urban spaces, patiently riding the train, and even in the pubs.  While not allowed in all pubs, many are particularly doggo-friendly with stacks of clean water bowls filled with fresh water and dog rugs to insulate from cold stone floors readily available.  The dogs are all very well behaved.  When we were biking, every dog/human combination we came across moved off to the side of the path and had the dog at attention so that they did not run in front of us while we were moving.  One dog was about 100 meters from his human when we came around the corner – the human gave a verbal command and the dog immediately jumped up off the path on to the hillside so he was not in our way.  The dogs are respected, included, and part of life, not simply relegated to the confines of being a pet in a home.  The expectation for public dog behavior is high but so are the rewards – dogs are part of everyday life.

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    And then there is the bicycling infrastructure which exists throughout the country.  From the time we left the Edinborough Airport, we had dedicated cycle paths for nearly the entire time, with maybe less than 2o% not on a cycle route.  There are special bicycle traffic lights, two-direction bicycle lanes, special bicycle parking areas, etc. Like with dogs, bicycling is part of everyday life in Scotland.

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    In Scotland, the history and culture run deep and infuses many aspects of life today; from the continued wearing of kilts to an enduring reverence for William Wallace (the subject of the movie Braveheart) to the persistence of traditional languages under the overwhelming crush of more than 700 years of being dominated by the English language.

    EABA7B57-606F-4D4B-AA7E-88954A2E0FA8-1030-00000078F6DCA819The sense of time is immense, far beyond what we can comprehend coming from the US.  In the little town of Cairnryan, we stayed in a 350-year-old merchant house. It was built just 40 years after the pilgrims landed in Massachusetts when the US was still forming the colonies.  The home has been in continuous operation for longer than the entire history of our country but is young by Scottish standards.

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    We visited the Orkney Islands to see the Neolithic stone architecture and monuments which have stood for more than 5,000 years.  This makes these structures older than both the pyramids of Egypt and Stonehenge.

    FF692852-247C-4D55-AB09-56D8D3CC853F-1953-000001688338CDBDThe village of Skara Brae was hidden under a sand dune for millennia, only to be uncovered by a fierce storm in the late 1800s but quickly forgotten.  It wasn’t until the 1910’s that anyone else came to see it.  Much like Pompeii, the dunes covering the village preserved the site on an intimate level so that when you walk through it is like traveling through time.  Skara Brae, however, is only one of a handful of sites of a similar age, each preserved to an amazing degree.  Our favorite was Brouch of Gurness with its curving pathways, layers of homes, and a beautiful view over the water.

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    Perhaps Anthony Bourdain said it best:

    “It’s an irritating reality that many places and events defy description. Angkor Wat and Machu Picchu, for instance, seem to demand silence, like a love affair you can never talk about. For a while after, you fumble for words, trying vainly to assemble a private narrative, an explanation, a comfortable way to frame where you’ve been and what’s happened. In the end, you’re just happy you were there — with your eyes open — and lived to see it.”

     

  • Are You My People?

    DSCF3172“Are you my people? Oh, no, you’re the North Americans who signed in yesterday!”” exclaimed the wildlife ranger as we were enjoying sundowners on the second night of our self-drive through Botswana.  Still confused, we asked who it was that he was looking for?  “Oh, there were reservations for people who did not show up last night and I am worried.  It is the rainy season and the roads aren’t good.  People get in to trouble when they are stuck and I want to make sure they are safe.”  He was looking for the people who were supposed to be at the camping site last night but didn’t show up.  As is common in Africa, we spent the next 20-30 minutes chatting with him about travel, the rainy season, what life is like in America, and the antics of our current President.  He thanked us for signing in to the register he had left at the gate as he had to leave the post to go search for the missing campers.  “I don’t remember the last time we had someone from North America” he quipped “they usually go on guided safaris.  The Europeans, though, especially Germans and Dutch, they come here in herds.”

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    We had driven to the camp site from the ‘undeveloped’ side of the Chobe National Park but had not seen anyone stuck so could not help him locate his “people”.  In fact, we only saw three cars on the entire 5-hour drive in. It is not a common route, even for self-drivers.  We had met another group of ladies from the Netherlands who got stuck the night before and had to set up camp in the bush while they waited for someone to come along to pull their trucks out of the quagmire that is Botswana during the rainy season, but no one else.  We, too, had almost been stuck in an impossibly deep ‘elephant hole’, but Colburn’s solid driving skills and 4-low gearing on the truck kept us moving along safely.

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    Independent traveling, and especially self-driving, in Botswana is amazing.  Although driving on the bush roads can be extremely challenging, there is a strong tourist infrastructure that makes the process very enjoyable.  We noticed the difference as soon as our ferry crossed the Zambezi River and we left the border crossing.  There is organization, development and order.  Tourism is well-established.  Heaps of white 4×4 trucks like ours – fully kitted out with roof-top tents, spare fuel tanks and recovery gear – ply the roads in a steady stream.  This means that there is usually help close by so even if you don’t have to have a lot of experience, you will likely be ok.

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    As we pulled in to the first town, Kasane, we were blown away to find Nando’s (a South African chicken fast food joint), a Puma Fuel Stop that accepts credit cards, and brand-new Shoprite all in one shopping center!  It was almost overwhelming.  After so many months of being the only white people (other than the volunteers we worked with) around, we were suddenly surrounded by them.  They were in the grocery stores.  They were on the roads.  They were in the markets and towns, just going about daily life.  We all felt as if our adventure had come to an end and now we were simply another tourist dollar.  That feeling, however, was short lived as the bush in Botswana is so amazing that sharing it with other tourists is a joy, not an imposition.

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    We planned a six-day self-drive through the Chobe-Savuti-Khwai-Moremi areas in the north-west.  As it was the end of the rainy season, we did not expect to see much game, but the landscape is amazing and the sense of remoteness inspiring, so we went anyway.  On our first night, we were the only people in camp.  The camp guard had warned us not to walk to the ablutions (toilet/shower) after dark as there are many animals in the area including lion and elephants.  Having learned from our experiences in Tanzania, we ate and were in the roof-top tent by sundown. A few hours later, a herd of elephants surrounded our truck, loudly munching on the vegetation and shuffling back and forth.  We could hear them breathe, hear their stomachs rumble (it sounds like plumbing backing up), hear their footsteps and even smell their earthy mustiness.  They had a little tussle where we could hear the tusks clanking together, but they never bothered us.  It was extremely exciting to have them so close.  Both Lucia and I had dreams that they bumped against the car, but we really don’t think it actually happened – we were just so close that it felt like they could.  In the morning there were torn branches and footprints, but nothing else.

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    Our fourth day was spent doing the ‘sand ridge road’, a long high slog through impossibly deep sand. We had enquired at the gate as to the condition of the road and were told it was “fine”.  In reality, it was fine, but extremely tiring to drive.  The washboard which develops in the tracks is deep, so much so that the truck ‘dances’ from side to side, jostling the contents and passengers in an unending carnival ride.  It’s fun for about 10 minutes, but three hours of it is exhausting. Towards the end of the sand road, we came across a safari truck which had buried itself in the deep tracks.  We had not had to use our sand tracks yet so pulled them out and helped them free their vehicle.  Unfortunately, they did not have four-wheel drive so soon became stuck again.  We repeated the process several more times until a larger vehicle (six-wheel drive) came along to help.  Such is life in the bush – while help may not be immediate, when someone comes by they stop and do what they can to assist.

     

    Getting to our final camp was the last great adventure of our trip.  There are two main roads that lead to the camp – the normal route and the ‘dry road’ which is used during the rainy season.  Although the ‘dry road’ is longer, it avoids a large swampy area that is impossible to pass once it rains.  When we registered at the gate, the ranger reminded us to take the dry road as there was still significant standing water on the other route.  She said that the ‘dry road’ is well marked so just keep our eyes open and all will be good.  The ‘dry road’ is not labeled as such on our navigation app (Tracks 4 Africa) so we just followed the normal route but were keeping an eye out for signs to the ‘dry road’.  We picked our way through some dense brush and along bumpy tracks, but the road was dry and definitely passible.  At one point, there was a road which went off to the left around a very large puddle. Typically the other end of such a bypass meets up with the main track after a few hundred meters, but this one did not.  It twists and wound its way through dense scrub and low-growing trees for nearly a kilometer.  We had to drive over smaller trees and through the scrub, turning tightly to fit between the larger trees, but since the terrain was dry, we were ok with it. Eventually the path came back to the well-worn track and we were confident that we had found our way…. that was until the track descended in to a huge body of shallow water, more like a lake than a puddle, and definitely not crossable.  As I consulted the map to find possible routes around, a guy in a truck came out of what seemed like nowhere.  He pulled up alongside us and casually asked, “Hey, where you headed?”  in an American accent. When we told him, he smiled and said, “You probably want to take the dry road, this way will ruin your holiday!  I’m only here because I have to check on things.”  It ends up that the sign for the turn-off for the dry road was not visible from our direction because of the puddle bypass.  Coming from the other direction it was obvious.  Crisis averted through the kind guidance of strangers, we continued on our way.

     

    Our final camp, Third Bridge, is located on the far side of the third bridge you cross over a slow-moving but wide river and surrounding marshes.  Following the directions on our navigation app, we approached the ‘first bridge’ with a bit of trepidation.  Made entirely of local logs strung together with unknown hardware and an unknown foundation, it looked quite rickety and squeaked and creaked so much that it was quite disconcerting.  We proceeded slowly, carefully, wondering the whole time what would happen if the entire bridge collapsed under our weight.  About half way across, we still couldn’t see the end of the bridge.  Colburn’s pre-trip reconnaissance had found that this happens with sometimes – the bridge ends in a large pool of water – a ‘wet exit’ – which must be traversed. This looked as if it ended in the reeds of the Okavango without a track to follow, not exactly what we wanted to do but also not completely unexpected.  Scanning around to see if I could see tracks anywhere on the other side, I spotted a lovely and much newer bridge just a hundred meters to our right that had a clear exit point!  We were on the old, retired bridge that hadn’t been used in years so had to reverse our way back across to find the road and the entrance to the newer bridge. The second bridge was short and easily crossed without concern.  The third bridge was one that knew had a ‘wet exit’ so were not surprised by the large pool of water at the end.  We were, however, a bit surprised by the depth!

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    In the end, all was well and we thoroughly enjoyed our time there.  Botswana has adopted a high cost-high value approach to tourism. This means that the costs of visiting here are significantly higher than in the surrounding countries like South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Namibia.  It also means that there aren’t as many people so the wildlife isn’t as impacted by human presence.  The wildlife was not as abundant as we had hoped for, but there were plenty to keep our attention and we even had wild dogs running past our camp one night.  The infrastructure is well developed so it is completely possible to do it on your own, but only if you have a sense of adventure because as Dorothy said in the Wizard of Oz, “we’re not in Kansas anymore!”

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  • The Ultimate Homeschool Science Course

    DSCF2973By the end of our trip, our kids will have spent 13 weeks doing wildlife research and conservation volunteering in Africa.  If you include the community volunteering, it rises to 18 weeks.  This struck me when we were working with a college intern doing a 12-week assignment cataloging wild dog pack dynamics in northern Namibia.  Our kids will have spent more time in the field than a college semester requires for a full-time internship.  Not a bad way for a 7th and 9th grade student to learn about biology, ecology, botany, zoology and a myriad of other topics.

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    Health check on a bush baby

    The experiences we have had, the people we have met and the information we have learned will stay with us for a lifetime.  Perhaps one of the most important things we have learned, however, is that everything in life has its ups and downs.

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    We spent two weeks working with Chimfunshi, a chimpanzee sanctuary in the Copper Belt region of northern Zambia.  Originally established by Sheila and David Siddel in the 1980s, what started as their retirement farm has now grown to large sanctuary which provides a forever-home for more than 125 chimpanzees.  The very first chimp, Pal, was brought to Sheila by a local wildlife ranger who knew that she was a nurse.  Pal’s mother had been shot so that he could be taken and sold as a pet.  His mouth was badly injured in the struggle, and by the time the rangers found him, it had become so infected that it was threatening his life.

    DSCF2909DSCF2958Because humans and chimps share 97% of the same DNA, Sheila was able to apply her nursing knowledge to help Pal recover.  Once he was better, Pal needed a new home as he had become human habituated so could not be released back in to the wild. David, Sheila’s husband, built an enclosure so that the chimp would have room to play and explore.  As word spread of Pal’s recovery and the care David and Sheila provided, more people would bring chimps and other wildlife in need to the couple.  They always welcomed new animals in and released them back to the wild when possible but also provide a long-term home for those which cannot be released.

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    Not everything is glamorous.

    Our goal for our time at Chimfunshi was to learn more about chimps but we ended up learning a great deal more.  While we were there, the sanctuary had the first transfer of rescue chimps in 13 years.  The entire process took more than six months of negotiations and required coordination between three different countries, but the diligence and patience saved the lives of six young chimps and dramatically improved their situation.

    IMG_0657Each of the chimps had a horrendous story about how they came to be part of the rescue network; one had been a pet for a family in South Sudan but had become so unruly (as chimps do when they enter their teen years) that the family simply abandoned it on a street, another had been tied to a platform outside of a restaurant in the Central African Republic as an living advertisement, yet another had been hidden by villagers as they fled from rebels in the Democratic Republic of Congo knowing that she would be killed and eaten as bush-meat if found.  Each story is a little more heartbreaking than the previous.  But through a network of concerned individuals, these six chimps had been kept safe until they were approved to come to the sanctuary.

    IMG_0581IMG_0572IMG_0563As volunteers, we spent several days prepping for the new arrivals; cleaning out old quarantine enclosures which had been reclaimed by the vegetation because they sat unused for more than a decade, chopping and hauling trees and vines to put inside the enclosures for the chimps to play and climb on, harvesting bedding so they would have a warm and comfortable place to sleep, making a tire swing, etc. DSCF2692On the night of the arrival, we were allowed to observe the process.  Thalita Calvi, the sanctuary vet, had briefed us ahead of time that the chimps had spent more than three days in transit crates because of a bureaucratic delay.  They would likely be tired, hungry and extremely frightened.  Even happy chimps are amazingly strong for their size but when they are frightened, their power is even more impressive which meant that we should stay far back from the scene and simply watch the work being done.

    DSCF2701However, like Eisenhower once said, “while planning is indispensable, plans are useless”.  Flight delays meant that the chimps didn’t arrive at the sanctuary until after dark.  As the trucks pulled in, there were no outside lights to illuminate the unloading area or path to the enclosures but we had headlamps and flashlights with us so moved closer to light up the area as best we could.  The chimps were transferred in dog crates so were easy to move but needed more hands to make sure that no chimps were left behind alone in the dark.

    DSCF2710It was a busy and emotional time for all; one chimp reached his hand out between the bars simply wanting someone, anyone, to comfort him.  I held his hand for a few minutes while he settled.  Another chimp tried to escape but quickly clambered up on one of the handlers when the handler made a chimp comforting sound.  A third chimp clung to the vet as she moved between enclosures making sure that all of the chimps were settled with the right partners.  When it was all done, someone said, “You’re safe now, you’re home now, you’ll never be in danger again.”  It is true, they have found their forever home and once cleared from quarantine, will get to become part of a larger family group.  It felt good to be able to help.

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    After harvesting ground nuts all morning, we were extremely dirty.

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    Making nshima balls (corn meal porridge) for the chimps

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    This is the ‘escape artists’ who have repeatedly escaped other enclosures so must be contained in a stronger structure. Much of our time was spent developing activities for them to do to keep their minds stimulated. They are extremely clever!

    Our last day at the sanctuary was equally eventful, but without the happy ending.  Early in the morning there had been a ‘mayday’ call from one of the enclosures because six males had had a gang fight just before sunrise.  One of the chimps, the eldest male and former alpha of the group, had been badly wounded by some of the other males.  The details would be too graphic for print but he had lost a great deal of blood and was in critical condition.

    IMG_0792IMG_0753Without the ability to do x-rays or lab work in the field, it was impossible to determine the extent of his internal injuries.  There were several obvious wounds visible externally which would account for some but not all of the blood loss.  The vet needed to anesthetize the chimp to examine him and stitch up what she could of the injuries, but without a formal surgery and recovery to use, all of it must be done in one of the feeding enclosures as it is the only space where the chimps can be safely separated from each other.  All of the volunteers assisted in different ways; monitoring vital signs, opening and cleaning supplies, running errands for things like hot water bottles or more medication, etc.  The vet had an infected wound on her hand and wasn’t sure how much she would be able to use it so I gloved up to help where I could.  After three and a half hours, as much as could be done to patch him back together had been done.  He was slow to come out of the anesthesia and never fully recovered, dying from his injuries the next day.

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    While very disturbing to see and sad to experience, we learned that wildlife conservation does not always have a happy ending.  As their natural habitat is swallowed up by human development and war zones or they are hunted for bush meat and the pet trade, chimpanzees are threatened by many forces.  The chimps at Chimfunshi have found safety but still must live in groups much larger than they would naturally and do not have the same autonomy as their free-roaming counterparts.  They are well cared for, but still must live a captive life.  This is heartbreaking to consider as we are only separated from them by a few genetic differences.

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    Not everything is serious.  A big thunderstorm flooded the nearby dambo so we went and played in it the next day!

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  • Learning About a Genocide: Rwanda

    591836D2-D511-4A13-AB64-9517E1441F09Please note that much of the following description of our time in Rwanda may be very disturbing if you are not familiar with the Rwandan Genocide. We absolutely enjoyed Rwanda, but the history is full of pain.

    Now often considered the rising star of East Africa, Rwanda is a place different from the others in the area. It is a small country, about the size of Massachusetts, set high in the tropical mountains of the middle of the continent. Some of the differences immediately noticeable; the roads have edges and center lines, there are raised sidewalks for pedestrians, large buses are running regular routes not just the mini-bus sized matatu/chapas/daladalas of the other countries, groups of women and men chatted and laughed together as they were returning from work in the fields, and we even saw a garbage truck that gathered refuse – all novelties for us in Africa. In 2008, Rwanda implemented a complete ban of plastic shopping bags so it is far cleaner than any other country in the area. Just this year, they have banned the importation of cheap second-hand ‘vintage’ clothing from the United States and Europe in order to support their own textile industry. Other things we could not see directly but rather saw the effects of indirectly. Rwanda has a higher percentage of female representation in Parliament than any other country in the world. Although only 24 of 80 seats are ‘reserved’ for women, they hold over 60% of the seats in the main legislative body. Overall, women have a larger role in society than most other countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. To understand how all of this this came to be, one must understand the genocide of 1994 and its aftermath. Learning more about these aspects was our main goal for visiting the country.

    The history of Rwanda is complicated. As with many African areas, colonization granted privileges to some groups over others which increased animosity between the groups that did not exist prior to external influences. The interesting part is that the groups did not differ by language or culture, but rather by occupation – Hutus were the bulk of the population and agriculturalists where Tutsi were the ruling class but fewer in number. Members moved between the groups depending on their affiliation. The third group, the Twa (pygmy), have always been marginalized even though they were the original inhabitants of the area, and shared both language and culture with the other two groups but received no role in society.

    Colonized initially by Germany and then Belgium after World War I, the Tutsi were favored by the colonizers as the privileged class and held many positions of power. Following World War II, simmering tensions rose until the Hutus began revolting violently against the Tutsi consolidation of power, murdering many and causing others to flee the country. Belgium was the administrative power in the area through the 1950s and took a pro-Hutu stance, leading to even more Tutsi fleeing the country. The discontent, violence and increasing Tutsi exile would continue for more than 30 years until the early 1990s when the Tutsi refugees reached such a number that they began a civil war to reclaim their position in the Rwandan government. Hutus remained in power until the President’s plane was shot down on April 6, 1994. The following day, the wholesale slaughter of Tutsi and moderate Hutus began. It was coordinated, pre-planned process where extreme Hutu soldiers and police systematically assassinated identified targets, creating a chaotic power vacuum. In the following days and weeks, the genocidaires continued their systematic elimination of all Tutsi and forced many moderate Hutus to join in the murdering or be murdered themselves. What ensued can only be described as a gruesome tragedy. Friends and neighbors turned on each other. Whole families, whole villages were wiped out in a few hours. Nuns and priests were often complicit in the slaughter and sometimes surprisingly active participants. The murders were done in a way that not only killed the person but humiliated them along the way – people were thrown in to latrine pits then had rocks dropped on them one by one until they died, bodies were maimed and deformed before being left to die slowly in the streets, children were bludgeoned to death in front of their parents and parents were tortured in front of their children, extreme sexual violence was common. The situation was horrific. In just under 100 days, between 800,000 and 1,000,000 people (combined Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa), were murdered while the world watched. Eventually the exiled Tutsi rebels took control away from the genocidal government. The genocidaires feared retaliation so fled en masse (around 2 million), mostly to what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, where diseases and squalid living conditions killed many. While some still live there today, many have come back to Rwanda as part of a reconciliation process, but tension still exists.

    In the aftermath of the genocide, Rwanda was left to pick up the pieces and try to put itself back together again. Although far from perfect, the progress is impressive. Rwanda remains challenged by it’s past, but is slowly coming to grip with it. Courts established soon after the genocide to hold the perpetrators accountable suffered from extreme inefficiency and obvious bias, but in an effort towards reconciliation, lower level offenders were often sentenced to community service work rather than prison so that the country could rebuild. Stories of what happened during the genocide are documented so that they would not be silenced by fading memories yet stories from the Hutu perspective are not included as part of the entire story. Out of necessity, Rwandan women gained a larger role in society but this was simply because they survived. It is estimated that women formed about 65% of the post-genocide population so they had to take on more responsibility out of necessity, not a cultural shit. One problem for many of the surviving women, however, was that they had little knowledge or education for life outside of the home. Nearly 30 years later, even professional women in Rwanda are still expected to do all of the ‘woman’s work’ and cater to their husband’s needs in addition to their professional role. Also, the country is still largely dependent upon foreign assistance which began to flow in just after the genocide, but this Western influence has also provided the motivation for more robust and progressive policies like the plastic and second-hand clothing ban. What appears to be a remarkably progressive stance may be less the expression of an actual cultural shift than it is a compulsory acquiescence to obtain Western funding.

    Learning about the 1994 Rwandan genocide is a moving experience and essential to understanding how the country became what it is today. It also helps put in to perspective how genocides have occurred by various groups across the globe yet have key elements in common – the extreme polarization of a population with demonization and dehumanization of the ‘other’ group, organization at very high levels, an unwillingness of other nations/powers to ‘get involved’ unless they are directly affected by, and the underlying fear or discontent which provides the emotion necessary to consider carrying out such atrocities.

    When we first arrived in Rwanda, we were blown away by its organization, infrastructure, and socially progressive policies. It wasn’t until many weeks later when I really began to think about how the country got there that I realized that there is much more to consider than is visible to the casual tourist. Yes, it is very clean and water is largely safe to drink. Rwandans have made care of the environment a priority. Yes, women make up a larger proportion of legislators than any other country in the world but those same women are also expected to maintain all of the traditionally female responsibilities in their household, even if their husbands do not work. They also took on those roles out of necessity, not because the populace saw the value of a larger female presence in government. Yes, they have banned plastic bags and mass importation of second hand clothes but the reasoning may not be as altruistic or progressive as it initially seems – after all the president is still the same guy who took over immediately after the genocide in 1994 and has consolidated his power more with each passing year. Rwanda is a beautiful country with beautiful people, but it’s still complicated.

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  • The Pearl of Africa: Uganda

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    We really enjoyed Uganda.  I’m not sure why it surprised me, but it did.  After nearly constant stress, frustration, and disappointment in Kenya, Uganda was a welcoming and gentle place.  Leaving Kenya we were harassed by two of the most obnoxious fixers to date.  Despite politely declining their services with increasing firmness, they men harangued us until I finally told one guy what an ass he was.  He responded with both racist and misogynistic antagonisms quite literally until we drove away.  It was infuriating and made us bitter about all of Kenya.

    DSCF9991As we passed through no-man’s land, we all girded ourselves for the same experience entering Uganda.  We were more than a little surprised by the lack of fixers when we parked outside of the immigration hall.  It was the first time that we have not been swarmed by money changers and fixers as soon as we pulled up, in fact there was not one to be seen – definitely a welcome change.  In contrast to the grumpy affect we experienced from start to finish in  Kenya, the Ugandan officials were smiling kindly and eager to help us get through the required paperwork and directing us to where we needed to go next.  It was organized and everything you need (foreign exchange, ATM, bank, etc.) is in one building.  No wonder there were no fixers – there was no need!

    Obviously the inspiration for the Lorax!

    Traveling a few hours in to Uganda, the differences were recognizable immediately.  The people were more relaxed, the roads have signs and are in decent repair, and there was a sense of pride in everything we could see.  Yes, there is still the poverty and disarray, but there is also hope.  The people are welcoming, the homes are in the best state possible, and there is order.  The angst of Kenya was replaced with a welcoming warmth in Uganda.

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    We chose to spend a few days just outside of Jinja, the town on Lake Victoria which forms the source of the Nile River.  Although dusty and gritty like many other African towns, Jinja’s disorganization was somehow exciting and hip rather than overwhelming.  The town has become something of an adrenaline center with bungee jumping, quad biking, and whitewater rafting on offer nearly everywhere we went.  This means that there are a lot of mizungu (white foreigners) in town too – a novelty for us.  It also means that the tourist infrastructure is well-developed.  After two weeks of a communal squat long drop toilet infested with spiders, eating ugali (a flavorless steamed corn/sorghum porridge which is the staple of most east and southern Africans) almost every day, and simply waiting for the time to pass, we were excited to have flavorful food, a sit-down flush toilet and hot showers.  We camped along the Nile River, not far below its source in Lake Victoria.  The owner was able to hook us up with his Toyota mechanic who performed a brake job and routine maintenance in our campsite for less than USD 40. Mac wanted to go on a quad biking trip, so we did a long ride through the local villages.  It was lovely, almost like a vacation.

    The kids are too young to go gorilla tracking but old enough for chimpanzee tracking so we headed to Fort Portal to be in the cool of the Rwenzori Mountains and see if we could find some chimps.  Like many wildlife viewing opportunities, there is never a guarantee that you will actually see chimps, but these have been habituated to humans and the rangers do their best to make it happen.  Early in the morning trackers go out to find where the chimps spent the night then radio the location to the guides so that they can bring the tourists straight to the chimps.  The number of tourists is limited so not to impact the chimps too much. We didn’t know exactly when we would be in the area so were too late to book for the first trip in the morning.  Settling on being in the second group to go out, the guide said that the chimps had started moving as she finished up the first viewing.  The tracker was not able to keep up with the chimps so we spent the next two hours off-piste, bashing through the forest.  Scraped, dirty and battered, we were nearly ready to give up and turn back for the office when there was a sudden cacophony of chimp screams, yap, yowls maybe 100 meters off to our right.  As our guide smiled and headed off in their direction, we saw a small black Pan troglodyte just ahead which had been hidden just moments before.  Lucia turned back and said, “Look Mom, it’s a chimp!”  We followed the little guy for a few meters and were soon surrounded by maybe 25 chimps, some coming down from the trees, some climbing higher, others just observing us from afar.  Despite knowing that they share 98% of human DNA, it is still striking to see the ‘humanness’ of their expressions and behaviors.  After spending the better part of an hour with the troop, it was time for us to move on, each of us with a smile on our face as it was an amazing experience.

    From Fort Portal we headed to Queen Elizabeth Park to do some lion tracking.  There are several VHF collared lions which researchers follow to observe their behaviors and document their movements.  For a little extra money (really a lot extra!), you can go out with the researchers in the morning for a half day of viewing the lions.  Unlike when you are a regular tourist in the park and must hope that the lions choose to be somewhere near the roads, when you are with the researchers, you can go where the lions are, even if it is off road.  We were very excited to participate in the process and learn more about lions.  The researcher had not seen them in several weeks so was excited to see them too.  Lions are impressive under any circumstances but especially seeing them content and regal in the early morning light.  It was amazing.  We spent a half hour or so with the trio until they wanted to settle down for their morning rest.  We thought that we would then head off to see other lions but this is when we found out that the scheme is not really a research program at all but rather is a money making endeavor for tourist’s benefit.   The ‘researcher’ was really just an assistant who became very angry when we asked if we were going to go find the female lions.  He snapped, “Well you saw the lions, so we are done and now you owe me more money if you want to see more lions.”  It was bittersweet, we loved the lions but not his attitude, but was a singular anomaly of our time in Uganda.

    DSCF1816Leaving the open plains of Queen Elizabeth Park behind, we headed to the cool mountains of Bwindi Impenetrable Forest for some volunteering for the local nursing school that I learned about many years ago and work with the Batwa Development Program. Colburn and the kids had decided to raise money to build a permanent home for a Batwa family who has been living in temporary structures.  The “Build a Batwa Home” is a partnership between the local community and the Kellermann Foundation.

    Julius, in green, is a little over 5 feet tall. His grandmother is standing beside him. The Twa (pygmy) have been marginalized for years.

    Once a home has been funded, members of the community decide which family is most in need, clear the land, dig the latrine pit, and gather the main poles and thatching.  Once these activities are completed, the organization comes in with the items that needed to be purchased outside of the area (tin sheets for the roof, concrete for the foundation, etc.) and help finish off the process.  We had hoped to be involved in the whole process – helping the family do everything – but the combination of moving our timeframe up by a couple weeks, a delay in the transfer of funds from Paypal, and a bit of organizational apathy lead to that not being possible.  We are assured that the home has been built, but much to our disappointment, it was not completed before we left the area.

    This is the Twa family we helped. The gentleman has helped several other families build their homes. Now it is his and his wife’s turn. Their current house is 8×8 feet.

    We were, however, able to meet the chosen family and see firsthand what a difference having a permanent structure makes to their long-term stability.  It was remarkable. Families who had received a permanent structure were able to spend more time and effort on their farming instead of maintaining their leaky shelter.  This allowed them to sell excess produce for income which then provides them with the funds to purchase baked mud bricks to further strengthen their home to a true permanent home.  It just takes a little investment to allow them to become self-sufficient.

    We also met with several younger members of the community who are supported by the Foundation to go to a boarding schools in a town a little more than an hour away.  Meeting with them brought home the simplicity of the challenges in their situation: when they are back in their home communities for school breaks, their family expects them to help with the subsistence farming but their school expects them to be keeping up on their studies.  The teens do not complain about helping their families or having to do two sets of work, but find it difficult to study once the sun goes down.  When we asked what they need most, they responded, “lights so we can do our studies after sundown”.  The solution is a simple solar light or lantern which costs maybe $15US, but even that is outside of their reach.  Without being able to continue their studies, they fall behind their peers a little more each break.

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    Although one project fell through, I was able to do some true volunteering with the Uganda Nursing School in Bwindi.  I had heard about the program years ago when they were first established.  Dr. Scott Kellermann had come to the nursing school where I was teaching to recruit faculty to help found the school.  Our kids were young then and Colburn was knee-deep in school administration at the time so it wasn’t possible for us at that point, but the idea always stayed in the back of my mind.  When we planned our year in Africa, we knew this was something we wanted to do.

    IMG_0425When we arrived, the Principal mentioned that she and the faculty were very eager to learn about how to use more engaging methods of teaching so I did a series of workshops for the faculty.  Fortuitously, they were also working on the design of a new skills lab so I was able sit in on those discussions as well.  The experience was exactly what I had been hoping for all along – I was able to volunteer my professional experience to help a nursing school.  The relationship is one which could become a long-term engagement as the process of changing instruction takes time and intermittent periodic reinforcement.  We all loved Bwindi and the community there so hope to come back soon.

    One of our favorite aspects of our time in Bwindi was our little home, situated a 30-minute walk north of the hospital and nursing school but just on the border of the national park famous for its gorillas. It was wonderful to be a cool, rainy, comfortable environment where we could settle in for a few weeks.  It was also great that the house is so close to wild animals!  As with the chimps, the gorillas are wild and free-roaming so trackers go out early to find where they are located before the tourists arrive.  Each group also has an armed guard team is posted to the family for the day to protect them and assure that they do not go outside of the park.  We would see these crews out in the tea field below our home early on many mornings.  If the gorillas were actually on the border of the park, we would see the guards all day as they tried to shoo them back in to the park.

    One time we were walking the path down in to town for lunch.  Inadvertently we had strayed from the path we were supposed to be on to one that is technically inside the park.  As we rounded the corner, the kids came upon two gorillas on the path.  Just a few meters beyond them were the guards telling us to go away or we would be fined for viewing the animals without paying the permit fee.  When we explained that we were trying to get to town, they escorted us to the correct path just a few meters down the hill and sent us on our way.  Colburn is passionate about wildlife photography so did pay to go in and do the proper tracking experience, but we all were able to at least briefly see a group of wild gorillas!

    Just moments before we saw the gorillas....

    In the end, Uganda was a wonderful place.  Known as the Pearl of Africa, it is a lovely country filled with kind and welcoming people, great wildlife, and amazing landscapes.  We felt very much at home there and hope to be back again soon.  If you are thinking of going to Uganda, we can recommend it whole-heartedly.